针对雅思作文Task 2审题深度剖析
朗阁海外考试研究中心  
雅思写作的Task 2部分出题范围相当广泛，写作主题的重复率也相当高，解题的方法同样需要掌握技巧，接下来朗阁对于雅思作文TASK2的解题进行分析。
在给出的Band descriptors的Band 7和Band 6评分标准中，明确提出了关于LR的要求：Uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision. Uses less common lexical items with some awareness of styles and collocation. (7) / Uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task. Attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy. (6) 和GRA的相关要求：Uses a variety of complex sentences. (7) / Uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms. (6) 但是学生始终有个理解的误区：在书写段落时再注意语法和词汇。其实不然，当学生看到题目的瞬间就要先做好以下几项工作：
 
关键词（一）找到需要同义转换的单词：形容词、动词...
 
请看这个题目：Some people believe governments should spend money on measures of languages with few people from dying out completely. Others think this is a waste of financial resources. Discuss both views and give your opinions.
 
考生们可以把题目中的类似于这样的单词划出来并同义改写它们，因为在接下来的开头段或段落中心句或结尾段将用到单词的同义改写：
 
spend—fund/ finance/ launch somewhat sum of fund/ invest
dying out—be endangered/ be likely to vanish/ tend to disappear
a waste of financial resources—it is no use doing/ meaningless/ make no sense/ uselessness
 
关键词（二）变换句式
 
备考雅思的过程中，相信绝大多数学生仅仅一味地备素材而忽视了语法的重要性。事实上考生们在考场上的理想分数的取得，语法的重要性是不容忽视的。事实上常用的语法无非以下这些：
 
A. 动名词或不定式：
Utilizing/ To utilize modern biological technology seems to be valid to respond to severe environmental issues across the globe.
 
B. 形式主语系列：
It is adj. for sb. to do sth.
It is of great necessity/ importance/ value/ significance/ for sb. to do sth.
It is universally accepted that…
It is generally acknowledged that…
It is evident/ obvious that…
It is common sense that…
 
C. 独立主格：
Living in rural area, children fail to/ are incapable of access to modern technology for education.
Exposed to severe mudslide, populace in SICHUAN province are forced to leave their hometown although they have dwelled for generations to generations.
 
D. 倒装句：
Through such means/ approaches/ ways/ tactics is the authority /government/ likely to address the issue with seeming ease/ successfully/ easily.
Only in this way…
Not only does candy have a free talk with her son, but also she…
 
E. 表语：
The government’s obligation/ responsibility/ accountability/ is to undertake/ shoulder doing sth./ that…
 
F. 主语从句：
What the authority ought to undertake is that…
Whether robots give rise to strengths or drawbacks has sparked a heated discussion.
 
G. 让步状语从句：
Despite the fact that…, …
In spite of the fact that…., …
 
因此沿用刚才的语法，上面的那个考题就可以用主语从句进行考题改写：Whether it is of great necessity for the authority to fund on some endangered languages or it makes no sense is under discussion.
 
接下来以同样的方法再审视一个考题：Many people think it takes time to preserve the old buildings. We should knock down the old buildings to establish modern ones. To some extent do you agree or disagree? （2013年7月27日）
 
考生可以先把以下的单词进行同义改写：
it takes time to…—spend/ consume/ devote
knock down—cut down/ demolish
preserve—conserve/ protect/ protection
 
再把句式重新书写一遍便可以用在书写过程的开头段落：
 
可以使用主语从句或形式主语和动名词句式：It is believed that people need to spend much time conserving some ancient buildings; therefore, demolishing them is of great necessity by means of building new ones.
 
假设一下：烤鸭们在看到考题后能习惯于做这样的准备工作不仅可以达到充分理解题目，同时要告诫自己在书写过程中语法和词汇在一开始看题目的时候就要注意了。
 
关键词（三）：提纲怎样列？
 
就拿上面的那个来说，烤鸭们可能会盲目地这样思考：旧建筑的确要拆，这样省下来的钱可以用于发展其它的领域。这样理解的话是彻头彻尾的偏题：因为考生没有仔细地想想刚才我们在做题目中单词的转换及其题目的改写，其实这个题目真正理解下来的意义是：是否该拆除需要许多金钱和时间来维护的旧建筑？如果学生们在着手列提纲的时候能够先抓住题目给我们的关键字入手，一定不会出现写不出或审题错误这样影响我们分数的错误了。那么这个考题的关键字：old buildings，学生们可以试想它包含哪些范畴呢？事实上依据我们的知识面，建筑应该涉及以下方面：
residential housing/ shopping mall/ skyscrapers
temple/ ancient streets/ lanes/ HuTong/ memorial hall
statue/ sculpture
bridge
gardens
 
列出这些内容后，本文思路就可以看出来了：
 
主体段落（一）有些旧建筑的确要拆除，理由是：Be not secure for living/ be incapable of withstanding severe earthquake (in north of China/ residential areas/ be made of mud)/ financial backward/ reinforced concrete/ cement be used instead
Building materials/ be not eco-friendly/ be not insulated/ consume large amount of energy such as electricity/ water
 
主题段落（二）然而，有些旧建筑是不可以拆的，虽然我们的维护和保养会耗去时间和金钱。（理由是：具有旅游价值——gardens in Suzhou/ ancient lanes in Beijing; 具有教育作用——Linzexu memorial hall/ cherish life and keep away from drugs/ Confucious memorial hall/ remind people of focusing on their own literacy）
 
从以上的分析就可以看出，抓住题目中关键词去想考题的提纲的确很受用：帮助我们不偏题，帮助我们充分运用知识去支持我们的观点。