分析近几年IELTS Writing出现过的地图题，我们可以把地图题分为两大类：静态选址题、动态变迁题。

　　静态选址题，这种题型要求考生对建筑物不同地址的利弊进行比较，多数静态选址题是在两个地址之间的比较，多于两个地址之间的比较会出现的较少。

　动态变迁题，这类题型要求考生对某个地理区域在不同历史年代里的情况进行比较。

时态

解决小作文，我们首要的一个步骤就是明确全文要用的时态。一般而言，静态选址类的题目当中如果没有明确表示过去时间点的标识词，使用一般现在时或是用would/could/might等表示假设的虚拟语气形式。

主体段

建议各位考生按照不同的地址来划分主体段，需要比较几处地址就分成几个主体段，然后具体去写每个地址的利与弊。

开头和结尾

静态选址的开头和数据类图型一样改写题目就可以，结尾只需要说明不同地址各自都有优缺点，可以不去选择一个较好的地址。

重点词汇和句型

在地图题当中，考生必须熟练掌握词汇和句型：

(1)方位词

东east       东北 north-east

西west       东南 south-east

北north       西北 north-west

南south       西南 south-west

(2)坐落/位于

A is located…/

A is situated…/

A lies …

(3)介词的使用

A在B内的东部:

A is located in the east side of B

(4)A在距离B东部...的公里

A is located…kilometers to the east of B

(5)A在B的东部角落

A is located at the east corner of B

(6)A在B的东部边缘

A is located on the east edge of B

(7)紧邻/对面/朝向

·A is next to/is close to/is adjacent to/A is in the proximity to B

·A is opposite B

·A faces east/A faces towards the east

(8)沿着河流/道路

·along the river/road

·alongside the river/road

(9)道路通向/河流流向

·The road/river runs from…to…

例文讲解

通过基础词汇和句型的讲解，我们以地址s1为例，描述出s1的准确位置，同时客观分析s1作为建立超市地址的优缺点。

The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself and is sited just off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west.This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it accessible to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlson who could travel by car. As it is also close tothe railway line linking the two towns to Cransdon(25 km to the south-east)， a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.

时态

动态变迁题的开头段改写原题用一般现在时，主体段根据图形来决定。如果题目当中有明确表示过去和现在时间标志的词，我们按照图形使用不同的时态。如图所示，例3: The maps show the changes of a small village from 1995 to present。

很显然，在描述左图，有明确的过去时标识词，1995，我们使用一般过去时；在描述第二幅图，存在明确的现在时标识词：present，使用一般现在时。

主体段落

开头段即改写原题，结尾段概括某个地理区域是如何发展变化的。

动态选址题通常按照时间顺序划分主体段。题目出现几个年代就分成几个主体段来写，每段写其中一个历史阶段，具体描述两个年代的变化和不同之处。如果有多个年代变化阶段，可以考虑把合并变化阶段来写主体段。

重点词汇和句型

动态变迁题，除了需要掌握上述静态选址题当中表述方位，位置，朝向等重点词汇之外，还需要掌握以下词汇：

(1)某处兴建了A

·A is built in

·A is contracted in

·A is established in

(2)某处增建了A

·A is added to…

·An addition is made to …, which is A

(3)A被B更替/A改造成B

·A is turned into/is transformed into B

·A is converted into B

(4)A被搬走

·A is removed/demolished from…

(5)A的面积缩小了/A的面积扩大了

·The size of A is reduced to (only half of/one third of the original size)

·A is expanded (to twice its size)=The size of A almost doubled。

(6)A向…方向延长

·A extends (eastward/westward/southward…)

例文讲解

开头同数据型图标文章一样，对题目做简单的改写：The maps reveal the alterations of the village of Soton over the period from 1995 to present。

    主体段

首先，我们需要对图片进行细节的描述。从总体上说，村庄被分成了两部分。按照从南到北的角度，去描述村庄里面具体存在的建筑物。

    In the first picture, the village was divided into three parts by two major roads. In the southern part, there was a fishing port on the sea, and a fish market, which was near the port, was just located at the south side of the major road. Opposite to the market, there was a block of shops sitting on the other side of the road. East of the shops, a hotel and a cafe were built at the joint of the two major roads. The northwest part was basically a residential area, and some of the houses were surrounded by a rectangular road. In addition, a farmland of great acreage occupied the northeast corner, while a forest park of similar size was established on the south of the farmland.

第三段，我们要做的是把“对比”做好：两幅图的不同，村庄所发生的变化。每句话做到言之有物，言之有理。考生需要清晰的有条理的指出：消失的建筑物，被更替的建筑物，新建的建筑物等。

    In the second picture, the village has changed a lot.The fishing port has gone and the fish market is replaced by a block of apartments. Several restaurants also take up the place of the shops on the road side. Moreover, a car park is newly builton the east of the hotel. In addition, the housing area becomes larger and a branch road is built from the rectangular road to the west. Finally, a sports field for tennis and golf occupied the place of the previous farmland and the forest park.

结尾段，考生仅需重申村庄有变化的事实即可。

    To conclude, these years have witnessed rapid development in the village of Soton.