朗阁海外考试研究中心 吴艳

在新托福口语的备考过程中，、二题独立口语考试部分成为了我们备考的一个难题，因为独立考试部分具有题型多变、涉及内容广泛、答题时间受限等特点，我们在准备的时候感觉到比较被动，无法系统地准备而提高备考效率。需要强调的是，新托福独立口语考试部分题目涉及的内容确实比较广泛，很难完全有一个统一或者说是通用的思路来解决。不过，我们可以在大量的题目中，找寻可以归类的部分，尽量将自己准备的思路通用化、普遍化，使答题时即使遇到没有准备过的新题目，也能在很短的时间内找到合适的思路，使丰富流利。在本篇中，朗阁海外考试研究中心的将针对独立口语考试的题进行归类解析，帮助大家在大量的考试题目中，抽丝剥茧，寻找到几条主线，帮助大家提高备考效率。

如果我们细心地观察，不难发现新托福题的题目可以被归类成以下几种：

1. PEOPLE

Describe a person you admire.

Describe the famous person you admire most.

Describe a person who had a positive impact on you.

Describe a person who you would like to talk with.

Describe a special friend in your childhood.

Describe an elder person that you respect.

Describe your favorite performer or musician.

What are some important characteristics of a good leader?

What are some important characteristics of a good teacher?

What are some important characteristics of a good friend?

What are the good qualities of a good parent?

What are the good qualities of a good neighbor?

我们先来看人物类，以上的话题中，我们可以大体分为：名人/家人/朋友/领导/老师/邻居这几类。首先，我们可以想到，描述人的必备话题是什么：外貌及外形特征、与“我”的关系、性格特点或者优点、职业这几方面。按照年龄来分，又可以分为老年人和年轻人两类，因此外貌及外形特征的描述只要准备两类人就可以了。下面为大家提供一些常用词汇帮助准备这个内容：

short矮

tall高

overweight胖

plump丰满

thin瘦

skinny太瘦了

slim苗条

medium height不胖不瘦

tubby矮胖

muscular强壮

elegantly优雅

good-looking长的好看

plain长的一般

smartly dressed穿着得体

well dressed穿得漂亮

neatly dressed衣着干净整洁

scruffily dressed衣着不整洁

我们再来看一下性格特点或者优点，由于描述人物时，常被问到对自己的影响，自己为什么崇拜他等等，我们描述人物性格特点或优点时，通常包含以下几个方面：

lazy懒的

punctual守时的

kind善良的

efficient办事率的

strict严厉的

generous慷慨的，大方的

patient有耐心的

forgetful健忘的

reliable可靠的

boring令人乏味的

open-minded思想开放的

traditional思想保守的，传统的

amicable友好的

analytical善于分析的

apprehensive有理解力的

aspiring有志气的，有抱负的

audacious大胆的，有冒险精神的

capable有能力的，有才能的

careful仔细的

candid正直的

competent能胜任的

constructive建设性的

cooperative有合作精神的

creative富创造力的

dedicated有奉献精神的

dependable可靠的

diplomatic老练的，有策略的

disciplined守纪律的

dutiful尽职的

well-educated受过良好教育的

efficient有效率的

energetic精力充沛的

expressivity善于表达

faithful守信的，忠诚的

frank直率的，真诚的

generous宽宏大量的

genteel有教养的

gentle有礼貌的

humorous有幽默

impartial公正的

independent有主见的

industrious勤奋的

ingenious有独创性的

motivated目的明确的

intelligent理解力强的

learned精通某门学问的

logical条理分明的

methodical有方法的

modest谦虚的

objective客观的

precise一丝不苟的

punctual严守时刻的

realistic实事求是的

responsible负责的

sensible明白事理的

sporting光明正大的

steady踏实的

systematic有系统的

purposeful意志坚强的

sweet-tempered性情温和的

temperate稳健的

tireless孜孜不倦的

除了以上提到的必备话题，我们可以讲述一个非常简短的故事，是由描述中的人物和“我”之间的故事。比如帮助我、与我分享事物等等。

根据上面的分析，我们为大家提供一个范例，供大家参考使用：

Describe a person who had a positive impact on you.

The person I want to describe is my grandfather. He is a medium height man. He is smartly dressed with a big pair of glasses. He is a retired history teacher. I was raised up by my grandparents because my parents were very busy working when I was a little kid. My grandfather was methodical in teaching. He tirelessly taught me a lot of historic stories and knowledge to educate me and build my good personality. I liked to listen to his stories like patriotism or great inventors. I showed great interest on history because of him and he had positive impact on me.

2. OBJECT

Specific

Describe an object that is of special value to you.

Describe the most important gift you have received.

Describe a book that you think is interesting.

Describe a memorable painting or photo you have seen before.

Describe an important thing you will miss most when you are away from home.

What kind of food would you like to prepare for your foreign friend?

我们来看具体事物的题目。在以上的题目中，我们可以大体归类为：礼物/照片/食物三大类，对于这些具体的事物，我们要描述它们的性状和外形、对”我”的意义、具体的制作方法或优点这几个方面。我们为大家提供一些具体的思路供参考和使用：

礼物：书（书的类别novel/science fiction/story book/fashion magazine、价格、封皮cover、内容和情节romantic stories/scientific discoveries/historic stories、对我的意义entertain/pastime/educational）

照片：家庭宴会照片（生日宴会birthday party、照片上的人物和背景family members/birthday cake/candles、照片的时间或年代ten years ago、照片对我的意义sweet memory/miss family/mature）

食物：水饺（制作方法flour cover/mince/boil/roll the pasty/stir the mince、食材flour/mince/vegetables/salt/sauce/ginger/scallion、意义wealthy/family union）

我们为大家提供一个范例，供参考使用：

Describe the most important gift you have received.

The most important gift I have received is a book. I remember that it was on my 18th birthday party. My father gave me a beautiful book with pink cloth cover. It was a story book called “little girl”. It told a story about a girl who had grown up and supported her family overcoming a lot of difficulties. He told me that after reading this book, I would realize a girl should become mature and independent. Even though I was living in a warm family without the sufferings like the girl, Carol, had in the book, I had to know girls should be strong enough and independent as she was. This book is very educational. It is the best gift that I have ever received.

Abstract

Choose one of the following work of art that you like most: song, poem and painting.

Describe a job that you admire.

Describe a piece of advice which was given by a friend.

Describe a piece of good news which made you feel happy.

对于抽象的题目，我们描述起来难度就更大一些，因此在准备这类题目的时候，我们比较难套用统一的思路。但是，我们可以将一些常用的比如意义、影响之类的内容进行模式化，便于自己在答题时尽快想到比较不错的思路和句子。以上的几个题目，可以归类为艺术（工作）/建议/三个题。工作的内容可以和艺术合并使用，比如音乐和音乐家两个话题，就可以套用统一的。这三个题目可以涉及的内容有具体故事、优点和对我的意义三个方面。下面为大家整理一下思路：

艺术：音乐（音乐的类型rock&roll/pop/folk/jazz，音乐的优点relax/improve quality/appreciative，对我的意义relax/cool/dream/idol）

建议：具体故事或帮助（建议出国留学suggest that I should go abroad to further my study, 对我的意义helpful/broaden my horizon/enrich my experience/become independent）

：找到一份好工作或者是得到一种奖励都可以，这个题目也可以和艺术的话题进行合并。

下面为大家提供一个范例，供考生们参考和使用。

Describe a job that you admire.

The job I admire is a singer. I think it is very cool to be a singer. By the way, it is a well-paid job. I am crazy about music, especially rock&roll. When the singer stands on stage and expresses his feelings to the fans, it is really admirable. Music can make people relax and improve people’s quality. It is the best way to express feelings and release pressure. In China, I think singers are well paid. I want to be a singer because I have clear and good voice. I strongly believe that my dream can come true as my idol, a Chinese singer called Qinyong, did at last.

3. PLACE

A foreign visitor has only one day to spend in your country. Where would you suggest this visitor go on that day?

Choose a park or public area that you often go to and explain why it is important.

Choose a restaurant of café that you like.

When you choose a house or apartment, what is the most important characteristic you care about?

我们来看地点类的内容。对于此类题目，主要需要我们注意的是，描述地点时有一些比较固定的结构和话题，我们归类时要注意包含这些话题：地理位置、历史重要性、具体的设施或装修、对我的意义、环保节能等特点。上面的几个题可以归类为：公园/饭店/房子三个题。对于这类题目，我们为大家提供一些常用的思路和词汇，按照上面蓝色字体的顺序，便于大家整理和使用：

地理位置：市中心central area/downtown area; 东西南北east/west/south/north; 郊区suburban area; 乡村countryside/village; 山区mountainous area; 滨海at seaside/near the sea/on the coast

历史重要性：地理位置重要geographic importance; 处在商贸中心at the center of financial area; 古时候商贸活动频繁frequent business activities/prosperous/in ancient time; 悠久灿烂的历史brilliant history/long history; 的旅游景点renowned tourist attractions/popular scenic spots/places of great interests

具体的设施或装修：石头路stone path; 花园garden; 健身设备exercise equipment; 草地grassland; 石桌石凳stone table and benches; 棋盘chessboard; 游乐场amusement park; 石桥木桥stone bridge/wooden bridge; 人工湖artificial lake; 灯lamp/floor lamp; 鱼缸fishing tub; 无烟区non-smoking section; 装饰品decorations; 餐厅dining room; 客厅living room; 卧室bedroom; 家具furniture/well-furnished; 窗帘curtain; 衣柜wardrobe; 书橱bookcase/bookshelf; 洗刷间bathroom; 室内楼梯interior stairs

对我的意义：休闲放松relax/walk/enjoy the beautiful sight; 聚会have parties/reunion;

环保节能等特点：环保environment-friendly/recycled materials/use clean energy;节能energy-efficient/make great use of solar-energy/heating/lighting/electric power; 高科技材料hi-tech materials

下面为大家提供一个范例，供考生们参考和使用：

Choose a park or public area that you often go to and explain why it is important.

I want to talk about a park near my community. It is located in the city center. It is not large, but very popular. There are a lot of communities and stores in the neighborhood, so many people would like to take a walk in this park. There is a stone path winding around the park. We can see some exercise equipment in the corner. There are a lot of flowers and trees around the artificial lake in the central area of the park. We can boat on the lake in warm weather. The wooden bridge going over the lake. It is a good place for relaxing. It is important because people use this place to take a walk, do exercises or socialize. They need this park for leisure.

4. EVENT

Describe a memorable event that you experienced with families or friends.

Describe a social or political event celebrated in your country.

Describe a successful event in your life.

Describe the most enjoyable event in your childhood.

Describe a leisure activity you often do in your spare time.

相对于以上的几类，事件类话题是比较容易想出丰富思路的。首先，我们要清楚的是，事件类话题要包含的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、具体事件内容、结局或影响，其中，具体事件的内容又包含细节的部分，比如事情的起因、过程中遇到的情况、对话或内心的想法等等，因此，内容比较多，容易联想。对于上面的几个机经，我们可以归类为：成功的事/社会事件/快乐的事三个大类，其它的题目就可以被涵盖到这三类之中了。对于这三类，由于“快乐的事”这个话题比较容易，我们重点为大家讲述前两类的题目：

1). 成功的事：

时间：last semester/last year/last month/in my childhood/at the age of 6/on my birthday

地点：at school/at home/in a restaurant/café/store

人物：teacher/classmates/family/friends/neighbors

事件：成功地完成了一个作业或项目did a project well/get a high mark in an assignment/was praised by teacher; 成功地获得了奖项won a prize of literature/won a scientific inventions competition/won the basketball game;成功地找到一份工作applied for a part-time job successfully; 成功地申请了奖学金applied for scholarship等等

结局或影响：happy/sense of achievement/encouraged me to improve or do better/showed great interest in…/chose…as my major subject/educational

2). 社会事件：

时间：on festivals/last year/the 60th anniversary

地点：on Tiananmen Square/on Quancheng Square/in a stadium/on Miluo River/at home

人物：people/families/political leaders/athletes/teachers and students/headmasters/couples

事件：庆祝节日celebrate festivals; 庆祝生日celebrate National Days/National birthday/Anniversary; 庆祝运动会成功举办、开幕celebrate Sports Meetings/National Games/Olympic Games/Opening Ceremony of Olympics

结局或影响：教育意义educational; 铭记历史remember history; 传承文化、传播文化inherit culture/spread culture; 热爱、民族自豪感love home country/patriotic/sense of national pride; 增进家人之间的感情strengthen relationship between family members/improve affection of family/improve communication with family members

快乐的事件我们可以讲述与家人一起郊游野餐或烤肉、庆祝生日、旅游、同学聚会、购物或者在重要节日的团圆等等，由于这个题目比较大众化而且简单易描述，在这里仅给大家提供一些常用思路，不再细述了。

我们为大家提供的范例如下：

Describe a social or political event celebrated in your country.

I want to describe a social event which is really important in my country. The festival of Dragon Boat Day, on May 5th, lunar calendar, is celebrated in every part of our country. It is a both interesting and educational festival. On that day, every family makes zongzi to eat and boil eggs with mugwort leaves to keep clean and well. People living by rivers also hold the dragon boat games to celebrate the festival. On Miluo River, the dragon boat game is a must. It is related to a Chinese historic story of Quyuan, who was a famous patriotic poet. People hold dragon boat game in memory of Quyuan. It is in a legend that people throw zongzi in Miluo River to feed big fishes to keep his dead body complete. This celebration activity is educational. It is a mirror of part of our brilliant culture.

综上所述，我们在准备新托福口语题的时候，应该多归类总结，把看似错综复杂没有规律的题目细心归类，按照比较通用的思路来答题，这样，即使在考试过程中遇到了陌生的题目，也能够整理好自己的思路。根据我们在本文中为大家分类解析的内容，我们不难看出，对于新托福口语题的内容，我们要细心地分析和总结，不要逐个地准备题目，而是把一定量的题目归一下类别，找到其共同点，这样才能够提高学习的效率。一些通用的思路比如对我的意义、影响之类，是比较容易找到共同点的。高频的词汇也是比较多而容易想到的。但是具体的题目中，对于颜色、外形、具体类型或用途、职业、发生的故事等等，就需要按照题目的具体要求来考虑了，无法完全给出相同或相似的。我们本篇中的内容供大家参考和使用，希望大家在准备独立口语尤其是题的过程中注意量的积累，不能只求在这几个题目中就能够涵盖所有的内容。需要指出的是，我们并不能完全强求托福题目思路可通用，因为托福考试的题比较灵活，涉及的范围广泛，不可能全部被归类，因此大家还是要在借鉴本篇中的归类解析思路的基础上，多准备、多思考，把新托福的独立部分地制定出框架，并在朗阁海外考试研究中心口语的指导下，完善语言和内容，按照新托福给出的口语评分标准和要求，尽量做到答题内容丰富、流利，争取考出理想的分数。

1月SAT的考生，特别是澳门、台湾这几个考点的考生查收邮件，确认是否有收到College Board的相关邮件，并登录College Board网站查询自己的准考证信息，确认考场有无变更或取消。朗阁会持续关注此次SAT考试动态。