雅思作文四个评分标准之一，coherence and cohesion，要求文章逻辑衔接、内容流畅。在思维上，中文逻辑是并列式，而英语文章要求直线式。雅思大作文中用到多的逻辑关系有：并列关系、因果关系、条件关系、比较关系等等。那么，在表达上如何能体现出英语逻辑上的这种衔接呢？大多数读者可能反应就是运用大量连接词来救场。但目前考试形式，无论题目设置、还是批卷难度都要求考生尽量避免模板性的语言出现。所以试想，如果在本身并无逻辑可言的句子和句子之间硬塞上连接词，恐怕就会被考官“严重怀疑”使用模板，分数可想而知。那么如果不用连接词，我们如何使文章读起来有逻辑呢？

本文中，笔者将结合剑桥中的考官范文分析雅思大作文中四种主要的逻辑衔接手段：使用“代词”、“同义转述“、使用“非谓语动词”、使用“不同句型”，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。

一、代词

代词可以有效的指代前面句子中提过的某组关键词，甚至是前面的整句话，从而实现句意之间的连贯，避免使用连接词，使行文看起来更自然、流畅。

1. 人称代词：

Educating children… is widely thought to be the responsibility of parents. They will certainly be the first to help children learn what is important in life.（剑10 test1）

“They”指代前面句子中的“parents”, 顺利实现了两句话之间的流畅过渡，且避免了再次使用“parents”的重复。

2. 物主代词：

…, thus maintaining learners’ enthusiasm and progress. Their command of the language in later life will benefit from this early exposure, ….（剑9 test1）

“Their”指代前面出现的“learners”, 用物主代词“Their”表明前后两句写作对象的相关性，以此建立前后两句之间的逻辑纽带。

3. 指示代词：

(1). 当this独立使用时，它概括指代的是前面一整句话的意思。

The spread of multinational products can often bring in its wake a loss of jobs. This eventually puts old-school craftspeople out of work.（剑10 test3）

(2). 当“this”后面跟普通名词时，“this＋普通单数名词”指代前面这句话中的某个事物。

Once the age of reason is reached however, a child can be rewarded for good behavior and discouraged from bad. This kind but firm approach will achieve more than harsh punishments.（剑10 test1）

（“this approach”指代前面句子中的“对小孩奖惩分明”）

(3). 当“this”后面跟“experience”或“trend”等抽象名词时，它指代前面一句话的整体经历或者趋势。

At school, children will experience working and living with people…. This experience should teach them how to co-operate with each other….（剑8 test1）

二、“同义转述”

与其说是“同义词”，不如说是对已经出现的概念用其它表达方式表述一遍，直白一点，即使用自己掌握的表达方式paraphrase想要表达的中文含义。而这就意味着这种同义替换或者近义替换并不是仅仅局限于词换词，或者短语换短语，可以使用句子来替换词，反之亦可。

The first step in achieving happiness is to have enough self-knowledge. We need to know who we are before knowing what makes us happy.（剑4 test2）

三、非谓语动词

1. 不定式

不定式通常在句子中用于表明句子之间的目的关系。

eg1. I think to tackle the problem of pollution, cleaner fuels need to be developed.（剑8 test3）

eg2. To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travellers.（剑8 test3）

2. 分词

(1). 表原因：

The spread of multinational products can often bring in its wake a loss of jobs, as people turn to buying the new brand, perhaps thinking it more glamorous than the one they are used to.（剑10 test3）

(2). 表结果：

eg1. The greater flexibility of the primary timetable allows for more frequent, shorter session and for a play-centered approach, thus maintaining learner’s enthusiasm and progress.（剑9 test1）

eg2. Secondary schools could be faced with a great variety of levels in different languages within intake, resulting in a classroom experience which undoes the earlier gains.（剑9 test1）

3. 介词短语

(1). 表目的：

A lot of innovations are made with the aim of making money for a few.（剑6 test4）

(2). 表条件：

Without the natural talent, continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive, and without the training, the child would not learn how to exploit and develop their talent.（剑7 test1）

四、句子结构

1. 并列

(1). “and”

It is something that an individual goes on learning throughout life and it is the responsibility of every member of a society to take the responsibility for helping the younger generation….（剑8 test1）

(2). “not only… but also….”

People should be encouraged not only to be more physically active but also to adopt a healthier lifestyle in general.（剑9 test3）

(3). “as well as”

It would be a loss of a richness and diversity in the world, as well as the sad disappearance of the manifestations of a place’s character.（剑10 test3）

2. 条件

(1). “If”

If primary language teaching is not standardized, secondary schools could be faced with a great variety of levels in different languages within their intake.（剑9 test1）

(2). “Once”

Once the age of reason is reached however, a child can be rewarded for good behavior and discouraged from bad.（剑10 test1）

(3). “depend on”/ “lie with”

To some extent the question depends on the age of the child.（剑10 test1）

3. 因果

(1). “as”, “since”, “because” + 句子

…, as excessive consumption of any of these contributes to poor health.（剑9 test3）

(2). “This is because….”

This is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are able to impose changes….（剑6 test2）

(3). “The reason for… may involve….”

The reason for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult….（剑5 test2）

(4). “link to”, “relate to”, “connect with”, “associate with”, “lie in”

While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships.（剑4 test2）

4. 影响

(1). “There is no advantage if….”

There is no advantage if enthusiastic primary pupils become demotivated as soon as they change school.（剑9 test1）

(2). “This has the added benefit that….”

This has the added benefit that parent and children often used them together just for fun.（剑9 test3）

(3). which引导的非限制性定语从句

“which”引导的非限制性定语从句在表示因果逻辑关系中非常实用，因为它可以指代前面的整个句子，往往可以和“主语从句”的倒装、原因状语从句、以及结果状语从句互换，表示一方对另一方造成什么影响。

eg1. …, which might entail many negativeconsequences unintended by the parents.（剑10 test1）

e2. …, which leads to much better future behavior than does punishment.（剑10 test1）

eg3. …, which facilitates learning another language,….（剑9 test1）

5. 比较

(1). “the same as ”

Travellers become disillusioned with finding every place just the same as the one they visited previously.（剑10 test3）

(2). “in the same way that”

…, and does not impel visitors to open their wallets in the same way that trinkets or souvenirs unique to a particular area do.（剑10 test3）

(3). “unlike…”, “…is not like…”

…, and unlike adolescents, they are not inhibited by self-consciousness.（剑9 test1）

But to be a valuable member of any community is not like learning a simple skill.（剑7 test1）

(4). 比较级

Young children pick up languages much more easily than teenagers.（剑9 test1）

需要注意的是，这四类逻辑连接方式并不是独立存在的，需要结合使用才能够使文章表达自然、逻辑流畅。希望本文对于逻辑顺序重点表达方式的梳理，能够对于备考中，想避免使用过多连接词、使文章更加流畅的同学有一点启发。