考试日期： 2016 年 2 月 13 日Reading Passage 1Title: Artwork of Slow FoodQuestion types:TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN填空题完成句子题文章内容回顾 slow food“慢餐” 理念的推广题型难度分析 本次考试考生回忆较少，不过按以往经验推测，目前雅思考试阅读部分题型应该相对稳定，不太可能出现新题，难度正常。题型技巧分析判断题做题技巧：True/ False/ Not Given 题型注重考查事实。做这类题的时候牢记下面三大前提：1. 不要逐字翻译2. 不要钻牛角尖3. 不要过于专业的背景知识题型特点：1. 一段一个按顺序2. 每题都有对应点做题步骤：1. 考点位置一般出现在句子的中间，若中间的词不需要被判定， 再找其他考点。2. 细读每道题的题干，准确翻译，划定位词(key words)。3. 与文章中对应的语句比较，判断解题。剑桥雅思原文练习涉及到食品， 剑 7 Test 2 Passage 2Reading Passage 2Title: Twin studyQuestion types:段落细节配对题多选题Summary 填空题文章内容回顾 关于双胞胎的基因研究相关英文原文阅读Twin Study: Two of a KindA THE scientific study of twins goes back to the late 19th century,when Francis Galton, an early geneticist, realised that they came intwo varieties: identical twins born from one egg and non-identicaltwins that had come from two. That insight turned out to be key,although it was not until 1924 that it was used to formulate what isknown as the twin rule of pathology, and twin studies really gotgoing.B The twin rule of pathology states that any heritable disease willbe more concordant (that is, more likely to be jointly present orabsent) in identical twins than in non-identical twins—and,in turn, willbe more concordant in non-identical twins than in non-siblings. Earlywork, for example, showed that the statistical correlation of skin-molecounts between identical twins was 0.4, while non-identical twins hada correlation of only 0.2. (A score of 1.0 implies perfect correlation,while a score of zero implies no correlation.) This result suggeststhat moles are heritable, but it also implies that there is anenvironmental component to the development of moles, otherwisethe correlation in identical twins would be close to 1.0.C Twin research has shown that whether or not someone takes upsmoking is determined mainly by environmental factors, but once hedoes so, how much he smokes is largely down to his genes. Andwhile a person's religion is clearly a cultural attribute, there is astrong genetic component to religious fundamentalism. Twin studiesare also unraveling the heritability of various aspects of humanpersonality.Traits from neuroticism and anxiety to thrill- andnovelty-seeking all have large genetic components. Parentingmatters, but it does not determine personality in the way that somehad thought.D More importantly, perhaps, twin studies are helping theunderstanding of diseases such as cancer, asthma, osteoporosis,arthritis and immune disorders. And twins can be used, within ethicallimits, for medical experiments. A study that administered vitamin Cto one twin and a placebo to the other found that it had no effect onthe common cold. The lesson from all today’s twin studies is thatmost human traits are at least partially influenced by genes.However,for the most part, the age-old dichotomy between nature and nurtureis not very useful. Many genetic programs are open to input from theenvironment, and genes are frequently switched on or off byenvironmental signals. It is also possible that genes themselvesinfluence their environment. Some humans have an innatepreference for participation in sports. Others are drawn to novelty.Might people also be drawn to certain kinds of friends and types ofexperience? In this way, a person’s genes might shape theenvironment they act in as much as the environment shapes theactions of the genes.E In the past, such research has been controversial. JosefMengele, a Nazi doctor working at the Auschwitz exterminationcamp during the Second World War, was fascinated by twins. Hesought them out among arrivals at the camp and preserved themfrom the gas-chambers for a series of brutal experiments. After thewar, CyrilBurt, a British psychologist who worked on the heredity ofintelligence, tainted twin research with results that appear, inretrospect, to have been rather too good. Some of his data onidentical twins who had been reared apart were probably faked. Inany case, the prevailing ideology in the social sciences after the warwas Marxist, and disliked suggestions that differences in humanpotential might have underlying genetic causes. Twin studies werethus viewed with suspicion.F The ideological pendulum has swung back; however, as thehuman genome project and its after math have turned genes fromabstract concepts to real pieces of DNA. The role of genes insensitive areas such as intelligence is acknowledged by all but afewdie-hards. The interesting questions now concern how natureand nurture interact to produce particular bits of biology, rather thanwhich of the two is more important. Twin studies, which are a goodway to ask these questions, are back in fashion, and many twins areenthusiastic participants in this research.G Research at the Twins burg festival began in a small way, with asingle stand in 1979.Gradually, news spread, and more scientistsbegan turning up. This year, half a dozen groups of researchers werelodged in a specially pitched research tent.In one comer of this tent,Paul Breslin, who works at the Monell Institute in Philadelphia,watched over several tables where twins sat sipping clear liquidsfrom cups and making notes. It was the team’s third year at Twinsburg. Dr Breslin and his colleagues want to find out how genesinfluence human perception, particularly the senses of smell andtaste and those (warmth, cold,pain, tingle, itch and so on) that resultfrom stimulation of the skin.Perception is an example of somethingthat is probably influenced by both genes and experience. Evenbefore birth, people are exposed to flavours such as chocolate,garlic, mint and vanilla that pass intact into the bloodstream, andthus to the fetus. Though it is not yet clear whether such pre-natalexposure shapes taste-perception, there is evidence that it shapespreferences for foods encountered later in life.H However, there are clearly genetic influences at work, aswell—for example in the ability to taste quinine. Some peopleexperience this as intensely bitter, even when it is present at very lowlevels. Others, whose genetic endowment is different, are lessbothered by it. Twin studies make this extremely clear. Within a pairof identical twins, either both, or neither, will find quinine hard toswallow.Non-identical twins will agree less frequently.I On the other side of the tent Dennis Drayna, from the NationalInstitute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, inMaryland, was studying hearing. He wants to know what happens tosounds after they reach the ear. It is not clear, he says, whethersound is processed into sensation mostly in the ear or in the brain.Dr Drayna has already been involved in a twin study which revealedthat theperception of musical pitch is highly heritable. At Twins burg,he is playing different words, or parts of words, into the left and rightears of his twin ned volunteers. The composite of the two soundsthat an individual reports hearing depends on how he processes thisdiverse information and that, Dr Drayna believes, may well beinfluenced by genetics.J Elsewhere in the marquee, Peter Miraldi, of Kent State Universityin Ohio, was trying to find out whether genes affect an individual’smotivation to communicate with others.A number of twin studieshave shown that personality and sociability are heritable, so hethinks this is fertile ground. And next to Mr. Miraldi was a team ofdermatologists from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland.They are looking at the development of skin diseases andmale-pattern baldness. The goal of the latter piece of research is tofind the genes responsible for making men's hair fall out.K The busiest part of the tent, however, was the queue forforensic-science research into fingerprints. The origins of this studyare shrouded in mystery. For many months, the festival's organisershave been convinced that the Secret Service-- the Americangovernment agency responsible for, among other things, the safetyof the presidents behind it. When The Economist contacted theSecret Service for more information, we were referred to SteveNash, who is chairman of the International Association forIdentification (IAI), and is also a detective in the scientificinvestigations section of the Marin County Sheriffs Office inCalifornia. The IAI, based in Minnesota, is an organisation of forensicscientists from around the world. Among other things, itpublishes the Journal of Forensic Identification.题型难度分析 难度正常剑桥雅思原文练习研究类，剑 8 Test 1 Passage 3Reading Passage 3Title: Teaching methods of Ancient GreeceQuestion types:单选题YES/NO/NOT GIVEN多选题文章内容回顾 关于古典希腊文的教学方式探讨题型难度分析 本篇文章总体难度相对而言较高题型技巧分析单选题做题步骤：1. 详细阅读题目要求，尽量找出相关的答题信息2. 按所给问题的顺序答题3. 在题干中找出关键词语4. 在所给选项中找出关键词语5. 依次将题干及选项中的关键词语与文章中的相关词语进行匹配6. 依据三点相符原则确定，即如果在匹配过程中找出三个逻辑上的相同点，即可确信完全正确剑桥雅思原文练习教学研究类， 剑 7 Test 1 Passage 3备考指导：考生们要特别注意对每一种题型的复习，切不可因侥幸心理忽视了某种题型技巧的复习，因为很有可能忽略的题型成为考试中的主导题型。由于配对题对考生的词汇和句型理解要求相当高，所以每位考生在上考场之前一定要把自己的英语基本功打牢，达到雅思所要求的词汇量和语法要求。毕竟雅思考试是考查真实的语言能力。基础薄弱的同学一定要开始认真打基础，稳扎稳打，反复操练，逐渐积累，切不可迷信所谓“技巧”，因为任何应试技巧都是建立在英语基础之上的，没有扎实的英语功底，任何技巧都是空谈。基础较好而考分要求较高的同学也不可骄傲自大，应耐心地将自己做错的题目仔细和原文进行比对、分析，时间允许的话应当将文章进行仔细的阅读。